Comment puis-je afficher le /var/run/utmp
, /var/log/wtmp
, /var/log/btmp
en utilisant cat. pendant que j'essaye de les afficher, j'obtiens aussi d'autres personnages. Voici le résultat obtenu en essayant de lire les fichiers:
jai@frank-Jai:~$ cat /var/run/utmp
~~~reboot3.8.0-26-genericf�Q%p 2~~~runlevel3.8.0-26-genericf�Q
� �tty44LOGIN�f�Q�tty55LOGIN�f�Q�tty22LOGIN�f�Q�tty33LOGIN�f�Q�tty66LOGIN�f�Q�tty11LOGIN�k�Qtty7:0jai:0y�Q
��pts/0/0jai:0.0�{�QFQjai@frank-Jai:~$ cat /var/log/wtmp
~~~reboot3.8.0-19-generic��Q�b
2~~~runlevel3.8.0-19-generic��Q�c
*tty44LOGIN*��Q0tty55LOGIN0��Q:tty22LOGIN:��Q;tty33LOGIN;��Q=tty66LOGIN=��Q"tty11LOGIN"��Q�pts/1/1jai:0.0��Q�D pts/1/1jai��Q��� pts/1/1jai:0.0t��Q�� pts/2/2jai:0.0���Q
� pts/3/3jai:0.0`��Qpts/3/3jaib��Qpts/1/1jai"��Q
pts/2/2jai"��Q62~~~ru*tty44*;��Q�0tty550;��Q�:tty22:;��Q�;tty33;;��QM=tty66=;��Q�
"tty11";��Ql,~~~shutdown3.8.0-19-genericH��Qz�~~~reboot3.8.0-26-generic���Q-�2~~~runlevel3.8.0-26-generic���Q�ctty44LOGINc���Qjtty55LOGINj���Qutty22LOGINu���Qvtty33LOGINv���Qytty66LOGINy���Q?tty11LOGIN?���Q02~~~runlevel3.8.0-26-generic���Q.
ctty44c���Qjtty55j���Qutty22u���Qvtty33v���Qytty66y���Q?tty11?���Q�~~~shutdown3.8.0-26-generic���Q�~~~reboot3.8.0-26-genericʩ�stty44LOGINsʩ�Qztty55LOGINzʩ�Q�tty22LOGIN�˩�Qtty33LOGIN˩�Q�tty66LOGIN�˩�QCtty11LOGINC˩�Qpts/0/0jai:0.0B��Qp�
pts/1/1jai:0.0��QOpts/1/1jai��Q(C
ptspts/1/1jai��Q"pts/0/0jai;�Q�
stty44s�A�Q��ztty55z�A�Q��i�tty22��A�Q��ntty33�A�QZ�26-ge�tty66��A�Qmn
Ctty11C�A�Qz
~~~shutdown3.8.0-26-generic�A�Q
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pts/0/0jai:0.0l�Q�#
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�tty66�L��Q� �tty11�L��Q�M ~~~shutdown3.8.utty44LOGINuW��Q}tty55LOGIN}W��Qtty22LOGINW��Q�tty33LOGIN�W��Q�tty66pts/0/0jai:0.0���Qpts/0/0jaiv��Ql�02~~~runlevel3.8.0-26-genericv��Q�butty44uv��Q1
}tty55}v��Q4
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2~~~runleveltty44LOGINlC��Qptty55LOGINpC��Qvtty22LOGINvC��Qwtty33LOGINwD��Qytty66LOGINyD��Q�tty11LOGIN�E��Q62~~~runlevel3.8.0-26-generice��Qltty44lf��Q
)ptty55pf��Q4vtty22vf��Q�7wtty33wf��Q�=ytty66yf��Q�B�tty11�f��Q�^~~~shutdown3.8.0-26-generics��Q
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pts/0/0jai�m�Q�pts/0/0jai:0.0�m�Q�pts/0/0jain�Q��62~~~runlevel3.8.0-26-generic0n�Q��etty44e0n�Qjtty55j0n�Q� ttty22t0n�Q
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2~~~runlevel3.8.0-26-generic��Q�
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� �tty44LOGIN�f�Q�tty55LOGIN�f�Q�tty22LOGIN�f�Q�tty33LOGIN�f�Q�tty66LOGIN�f�Q�tty11LOGIN�k�Q�pts/0/0jai:0.0�{�QFQjai@frank-Jai:~$
jai@frank-Jai:~$ Sudo cat /var/log/btmp
Les trois fichiers que vous souhaitez lire sont au format binaire. Ce ne sont pas des fichiers de texte brut et ne peuvent pas être lus avec un éditeur de texte ou à l'aide de la commande cat
. Cela entraînerait une sortie tronquée, comme vous l'avez noté.
Vous trouverez ci-dessous la fonction de chacun des trois fichiers:
/var/log/btmp
enregistre les tentatives de connexion infructueuses./var/run/utmp
permet de découvrir des informations sur les utilisateurs du système. Ce fichier contient des informations sur les identifiants de l'utilisateur: sur quels terminaux, déconnexions, événements système et statut actuel du système, heure de démarrage du système (utilisé par le temps d'activité), etc./var/log/wtmp
fournit un enregistrement historique des données utmp.Vous pouvez utiliser la commande last
pour lire chacun des fichiers.
Par exemple:
Sudo last /var/log/btmp` (note: needs to be run using Sudo)
johndoe@computer:~$ last -f /var/run/utmp
johndoe tty7 Fri Jul 26 17:58 still logged in
reboot system boot 3.5.0-37-generic Fri Jul 26 17:57 - 20:10 (1+02:13)
johndoe@computer::~$ last -f /var/log/wtmp
reboot system boot 3.5.0-37-generic Fri Jul 26 17:57 - 20:16 (1+02:19)
johndoe pts/2 :0 Fri Jul 26 17:52 - 17:55 (00:03)
johndoe pts/5 :0 Fri Jul 26 12:00 - 17:55 (05:55)
johndoe pts/0 :0.0 Fri Jul 26 07:11 - 11:58 (04:46)
<snip>...
Pour plus d'informations, voir: date d'affichage de Linux et heure de connexion et pages de manuel pour la commande "last" .