Problèmes d'installation d'OpenCV sur Studio 12.04 - dépendances brisées
Problème:
J'essaie d'installer OpenCV (analyse vidéo) et je suis conforme à la documentation d'installation d'Ubuntu OpenCV .
Le script fourni a une ligne qui s’exécute pendant un certain temps, emportant plus de paquets que prévu (comme la vidéo ubuntu-studio):
Sudo apt-get -qq remove ffmpeg x264 libx264-dev
Lorsque le script arrive à la ligne ci-dessous, il bombarde:
Sudo apt-get -qq install libopencv-dev build-essential checkinstall cmake pkg-config yasm libtiff4-dev libjpeg-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libdc1394-22-dev libxine-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev python-dev python-numpy libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libgtk2.0-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils ffmpeg
Le message d'erreur est:
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
Tentatives de solutions:
J'ai d'abord exécuté Update-Manager, lancé Sudo apt-get update, redémarré, essayé d'exécuter la ligne de script ci-dessus manuellement et toujours aucun changement.
Ensuite suivi les réponses données à:
J'ai couru Sudo apt-get install -f et rien ne semblait changer. Il a été mentionné que certains paquets n'étaient plus nécessaires et pouvaient être supprimés par apt-get autoremove, alors je l'ai lancé. Il a supprimé un certain nombre de paquets, alors j'ai relancé la commande install ci-dessus. Toujours le même problème de colis cassés.
J'ai ensuite exécuté Sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade, une partie de la réponse obtenue était:
The following packages have been kept back: gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
Je ne suis pas sûr de ce que cela signifie. Je sais que cela apparaît dans mon gestionnaire de mise à jour et ne peut pas être vérifié.
J'ai ensuite couru
Sudo dpkg --configure -a
puis redemander
Sudo apt-get -f install
et le paquet n'a toujours pas été mis à jour, bien qu'il y ait eu ce commentaire très intéressant;
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg : Depends: libavcodec53 (< 5:0) but it is not going to be installed or
libavcodec-extra-53 (< 5:0) but 5:0.7.2-1ubuntu1+codecs1~oneiric2 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
Puis j'ai couru
Sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade
Il a montré que j'avais un colis en réserve, alors j'ai couru
Sudo apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes dist-upgrade
Il est également sorti sans mettre à jour le paquet, alors j’ai couru
Sudo apt-get remove --dry-run gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg:i386
Et ça m'a donné:
*The following packages will be REMOVED:
arista gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Remv arista [0.9.7-3ubuntu1]
Remv gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg [0.10.12-1ubuntu1]*
Mais quand je recommence
Sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade
Cela montrait que le paquet était toujours là.
*The following packages have been kept back:
gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.*
Ensuite, allez dans Synaptic PM et supprimez complètement gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg.
Reran
Sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade
Et on m'a dit
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Cependant, lorsque j'ai exécuté la commande originale apt-get pour installer opencv (le premier code en haut de cette question), les erreurs de paquetage restaient identiques.
Alors j'ai essayé:
$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
#
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Studio 11.10 _Oneiric Ocelot_ - Release i386 (20111011.1)]/ oneiric main multiverse restricted universe
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Studio 11.10 _Oneiric Ocelot_ - Release i386 (20111011.1)]/ oneiric main multiverse restricted universe
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free license. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu oneiric partner
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Ubuntu's
## 'extras' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
# deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu oneiric main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu oneiric main
# deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/popinet/xUbuntu_11.04 ./ # disabled on upgrade to precise
Par la suite, j'ai couru:
$ Sudo apt-get check
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Cependant, le problème n'est pas encore résolu car je reçois toujours le même message de paquetage cassé lorsque j'essaie d'exécuter l'installation d'OpenCV avec cette commande:
Sudo apt-get -qq install libopencv-dev build-essential checkinstall cmake pkg-config yasm libtiff4-dev libjpeg-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libdc1394-22-dev libxine-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev python-dev python-numpy libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libgtk2.0-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils ffmpeg
J'ai ensuite couru:
$ Sudo apt-get autoclean
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Del linux-generic 3.2.0.55.65 [1,714 B]
Del linux-libc-dev 3.2.0-54.82 [858 kB]
Del initramfs-tools-bin 0.99ubuntu13.2 [9,758 B]
Del firefox-globalmenu 24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [8,958 B]
Del apport 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.5 [147 kB]
Del firefox-locale-en 24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [578 kB]
Del Thunderbird-locale-en-gb 1:24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [14.0 kB]
Del linux-libc-dev 3.2.0-55.85 [860 kB]
Del Thunderbird-globalmenu 1:24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [8,782 B]
Del apport-gtk 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.5 [9,200 B]
Del Thunderbird 1:24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [29.3 MB]
Del firefox 24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [28.1 MB]
Del Thunderbird-locale-en-us 1:24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [14.0 kB]
Del linux-image-generic 3.2.0.54.64 [2,262 B]
Del linux-headers-generic 3.2.0.55.65 [2,244 B]
Del linux-image-generic 3.2.0.55.65 [2,260 B]
Del python-apport 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.5 [81.1 kB]
Del initramfs-tools 0.99ubuntu13.2 [49.2 kB]
Del linux-headers-generic 3.2.0.54.64 [2,258 B]
Del linux-headers-lowlatency-pae 3.2.0.55.44 [2,256 B]
Del linux-headers-lowlatency-pae 3.2.0.54.43 [2,250 B]
Del Thunderbird-locale-en 1:24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [342 kB]
Del python-problem-report 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.5 [9,466 B]
Del procps 1:3.2.8-11ubuntu6.2 [225 kB]
Del linux-generic 3.2.0.54.64 [1,722 B]
Mais lorsque j'exécute la commande OpenCV install, j'obtiens toujours:
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
Alors, j'ai recommencé presque complètement, cette fois en ajoutant dans des référentiels que la mise à niveau vers Precise avait désactivé.
Ensuite, je répète les commandes suivantes:
$ Sudo apt-get autoclean
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
$ Sudo apt-get clean
$ Sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
python-gudev
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
$ Sudo apt-get autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
python-gudev
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 106 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
(Reading database ... 614874 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing python-gudev ...
Processing triggers for python-support ...
$ Sudo dpkg --configure -a
$ Sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
$ Sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ###
# You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost.
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb/ stable main
### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ###
# You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost.
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb/ stable main
### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ###
# You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost.
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb/ stable main
# deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kxstudio-team/ppa/ubuntu precise main # disabled on upgrade to precise
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/kxstudio-team/ppa/ubuntu precise main # disabled on upgrade to precise
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kxstudio-team/ppa/ubuntu oneiric main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/kxstudio-team/ppa/ubuntu oneiric main
# deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kxstudio-team/ppa/ubuntu precise main # disabled on upgrade to precise
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/kxstudio-team/ppa/ubuntu precise main # disabled on upgrade to precise
## Please report any bug on https://bugs.launchpad.net/medibuntu/
# deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ precise free non-free #Medibuntu - Ubuntu 11.10 "oneiric ocelot" disabled on upgrade to precise
# deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ oneiric free non-free #Medibuntu (source) - Ubuntu 11.10 "oneiric ocelot"
## Please report any bug on https://bugs.launchpad.net/medibuntu/
deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ oneiric free non-free #Medibuntu - Ubuntu 11.10 "oneiric ocelot"
#deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ oneiric free non-free #Medibuntu (source) - Ubuntu 11.10 "oneiric ocelot"
## Please report any bug on https://bugs.launchpad.net/medibuntu/
# deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ precise free non-free #Medibuntu - Ubuntu 11.10 "oneiric ocelot" disabled on upgrade to precise
# deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ oneiric free non-free #Medibuntu (source) - Ubuntu 11.10 "oneiric ocelot"
# deb http://www.openfoam.org/download/ubuntu precise main # disabled on upgrade to precise
deb http://www.openfoam.org/download/ubuntu oneiric main
# deb http://www.openfoam.org/download/ubuntu precise main # disabled on upgrade to precise
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/Java/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/Java/ubuntu precise main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/Java/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/Java/ubuntu precise main
Résultat:
Mais je reçois toujours cette erreur lorsque j'essaie d'exécuter la commande OpenCV install:
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
Que dois-je faire d'autre?
Une mise à niveau vers Ubuntu Studio 13.xx résoudra-t-elle ce problème (ou le composera-t-il)?
Ok, j'ai le même problème que vous (mais avec un autre paquet). Donc, en tant que solution bon marché, j’ai utilisé au lieu de apt-get aptitude:
Sudo apt-get install aptitude
Sudo aptitude install libopencv-dev build-essential checkinstall cmake pkg-config yasm libtiff4-dev libjpeg-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libdc1394-22-dev libxine-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev python-dev python-numpy libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libgtk2.0-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils ffmpeg
il vous proposera une solution à vos dépendances, dans mon cas:
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Remove the following packages:
1) libcupsimage2-dev
2) libsane-dev
3) libtiff5-dev
Keep the following packages at their current version:
4) libcv-dev [Not Installed]
5) libcvaux-dev [Not Installed]
6) libhighgui-dev [Not Installed]
7) libopencv-contrib-dev [Not Installed]
8) libopencv-dev [Not Installed]
9) libopencv-highgui-dev [Not Installed]
10) libopencv-legacy-dev [Not Installed]
11) libopencv-objdetect-dev [Not Installed]
12) libopencv-videostab-dev [Not Installed]
J'ai accepté la solution donnée, vous pouvez sélectionner N si la solution est trop destructive (dans mon cas, il ne s'agissait que de quelques paquets -dev que je n'utiliserai probablement plus, mais vous devez vérifier le vôtre). Ensuite, j'ai de nouveau exécuté la commande d'installation et tout s'est bien passé.