Comment mettre à niveau correctement gcc7.3 vers gcc8 dans Ubuntu 18.04.01 LTS?

Question

Dans mon Ubuntu 18.04 LTS:

marco@PC:~$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS Release: 18.04 Codename: bionic

J'ai la version 7.3.0 de gcc:

marco@PC:~$ gcc -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/lto-wrapper OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1 Target: x86_64-linux-gnu Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 7.3.0-21ubuntu1~16.04' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc- 7/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-7 --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build- id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable- threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable- clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with- default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable- verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --with-target- system-zlib --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-Arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none --without-cuda-driver --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --Host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu Thread model: posix gcc version 7.3.0 (Ubuntu 7.3.0-21ubuntu1~16.04)

Et je veux installer gcc-8:

marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get install gcc-8 [Sudo] password for marco: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: gcc-8 : Depends: cpp-8 (= 8.1.0-1ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed Depends: gcc-8-base (= 8.1.0-1ubuntu1) but 8.1.0-5ubuntu1~16.04 is to be installed Depends: libgcc-8-dev (= 8.1.0-1ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Suite aux astuces trouvées ici askUbuntu: impossible de corriger les problèmes, vous avez mis des paquets cassés

marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get update [Sudo] password for marco: Hit:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease Hit:2 http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease Hit:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB] Hit:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease Fetched 88.7 kB in 1s (107 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get autoremove Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. marco@PC:~$ dpkg --get-selections | grep hold marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get update Hit:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease Hit:2 http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease Hit:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB] Hit:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease Fetched 88.7 kB in 1s (123 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done

Ensuite, j'ai vérifié le référentiel PPA utilisé, comme suggéré:

marco@PC:~$ apt-cache policy gcc-8 cpp-8 libgcc-8-dev gcc-8: Installed: (none) Candidate: 8.1.0-1ubuntu1 Version table: 8.1.0-1ubuntu1 500 500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu bionic/main AMD64 Packages 8-20180414-1ubuntu2 500 500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe AMD64 Packages cpp-8: Installed: (none) Candidate: 8.1.0-1ubuntu1 Version table: 8.1.0-1ubuntu1 500 500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu bionic/main AMD64 Packages 8-20180414-1ubuntu2 500 500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe AMD64 Packages libgcc-8-dev: Installed: (none) Candidate: 8.1.0-1ubuntu1 Version table: 8.1.0-1ubuntu1 500 500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu bionic/main AMD64 Packages 8-20180414-1ubuntu2 500 500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe AMD64 Packages

J'ai ensuite retiré le PPA ubuntu-toolchain-r/test:

Sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test Toolchain test builds; see https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain More info: https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-toolchain-r/+archive/ubuntu/test Press [ENTER] to continue or Ctrl-c to cancel removing it.

Mais le problème demeure:

marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get install gcc-8 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: gcc-8 : Depends: cpp-8 (= 8-20180414-1ubuntu2) but it is not going to be installed Depends: gcc-8-base (= 8-20180414-1ubuntu2) but 8.1.0-5ubuntu1~16.04 is to be installed Depends: libgcc-8-dev (= 8-20180414-1ubuntu2) but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get install cpp-8 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: cpp-8 : Depends: gcc-8-base (= 8.1.0-1ubuntu1) but 8.1.0-5ubuntu1~16.04 is to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get install gcc-8-base Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done gcc-8-base is already the newest version (8.1.0-5ubuntu1~16.04). 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get install libgcc-8-dev Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: libgcc-8-dev : Depends: gcc-8-base (= 8.1.0-1ubuntu1) but 8.1.0-5ubuntu1~16.04 is to be installed Depends: libasan5 (>= 8.1.0-1ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libubsan1 (>= 8.1.0-1ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get install libasan5 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: libasan5 : Depends: gcc-8-base (= 8.1.0-1ubuntu1) but 8.1.0-5ubuntu1~16.04 is to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get install libubsan1 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: libubsan1 : Depends: gcc-8-base (= 8.1.0-1ubuntu1) but 8.1.0-5ubuntu1~16.04 is to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Donc ... il semble que pour installer gcc-8, je dois installer d'autres paquets qui dépendent d'autres paquets, qui dépendent eux-mêmes de gcc-8-base, qui est déjà correctement installé.

Et ça dit "paquets cassés" ... alors comment résoudre le problème? Dans l'attente de vos conseils et de votre aide. Marco

Mise à jour:

marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get install ppa-purge Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done ppa-purge is already the newest version (0.2.8+bzr63). 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. marco@PC:~$ Sudo ppa-purge ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test Updating packages lists PPA to be removed: ubuntu-toolchain-r test Warning: Could not find package list for PPA: ubuntu-toolchain-r test marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt-get update Hit:1 http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease Hit:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease Hit:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease Hit:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease Hit:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease Reading package lists... Done marco@PC:~$ Sudo apt install gcc-8-base gcc-8 cpp-8 libgcc-8-dev Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done gcc-8-base is already the newest version (8.1.0-5ubuntu1~16.04). Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: cpp-8 : Depends: gcc-8-base (= 8-20180414-1ubuntu2) but 8.1.0-5ubuntu1~16.04 is to be installed gcc-8 : Depends: gcc-8-base (= 8-20180414-1ubuntu2) but 8.1.0-5ubuntu1~16.04 is to be installed libgcc-8-dev : Depends: gcc-8-base (= 8-20180414-1ubuntu2) but 8.1.0-5ubuntu1~16.04 is to be installed Depends: libasan5 (>= 8-20180414-1ubuntu2) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libubsan1 (>= 8-20180414-1ubuntu2) but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Après avoir installé aptitude, j'ai suivi les suggestions indiquées par aptitude. Maintenant j'ai cette situation:

marco@PC:~$ Sudo update-alternatives --config gcc There are 2 choices for the alternative gcc (providing /usr/bin/gcc). Selection Path Priority Status ------------------------------------------------------------ * 0 /usr/bin/gcc-7 700 auto mode 1 /usr/bin/gcc-7 700 manual mode 2 /usr/bin/gcc-8 80 manual mode marco@PC:~$ g++ -std=c++17 HelloWorld.cpp -oHelloWorld marco@PC:~$ ./HelloWorld Hello World!

Si je choisis d'utiliser gcc-8:

marco@PC:~$ Sudo update-alternatives --config gcc There are 2 choices for the alternative gcc (providing /usr/bin/gcc). Selection Path Priority Status ------------------------------------------------------------ * 0 /usr/bin/gcc-7 700 auto mode 1 /usr/bin/gcc-7 700 manual mode 2 /usr/bin/gcc-8 80 manual mode Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 2 update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/gcc-8 to provide /usr/bin/gcc (gcc) in manual mode update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/bin/g++ because associated file /usr/bin/g++-8 (of link group gcc) doesn't exist marco@PC:~$ Sudo aptitude install g++-8 The following NEW packages will be installed: g++-8 libstdc++-8-dev{a} 0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 9,623 kB of archives. After unpacking 43.7 MB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] Y Get: 1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe AMD64 libstdc++-8- dev AMD64 8-20180414-1ubuntu2 [1,536 kB] Get: 2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe AMD64 g++-8 AMD64 8-20180414-1ubuntu2 [8,088 kB] Fetched 9,623 kB in 1s (7,165 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package libstdc++-8-dev:AMD64. (Reading database ... 92421 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libstdc++-8-dev_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_AMD64.deb ... Unpacking libstdc++-8-dev:AMD64 (8-20180414-1ubuntu2) ... Selecting previously unselected package g++-8. Preparing to unpack .../g++-8_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_AMD64.deb ... Unpacking g++-8 (8-20180414-1ubuntu2) ... Setting up libstdc++-8-dev:AMD64 (8-20180414-1ubuntu2) ... Setting up g++-8 (8-20180414-1ubuntu2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2) ... marco@PC:~$ Sudo update-alternatives --config gcc There are 2 choices for the alternative gcc (providing /usr/bin/gcc). Selection Path Priority Status ------------------------------------------------------------ 0 /usr/bin/gcc-7 700 auto mode 1 /usr/bin/gcc-7 700 manual mode * 2 /usr/bin/gcc-8 80 manual mode Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: update-alternatives: warning: forcing reinstallation of alternative /usr/bin /gcc-8 because link group gcc is broken

Maintenant, après le redémarrage, il semble fonctionner:

marco@PC:~$ Sudo update-alternatives --config gcc There are 2 choices for the alternative gcc (providing /usr/bin/gcc). Selection Path Priority Status ------------------------------------------------------------ 0 /usr/bin/gcc-7 700 auto mode 1 /usr/bin/gcc-7 700 manual mode * 2 /usr/bin/gcc-8 80 manual mode Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: marco@PC:~$ g++ -std=c++17 HelloWorld.cpp -oHelloWorld marco@PC:~$ ./HelloWorld Hello World! marco@PC:~$ gcc -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/lto-wrapper OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1 Target: x86_64-linux-gnu Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 8-20180414-1ubuntu2' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-as=/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-as --with- ld=/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-ld --program-suffix=-8 --program-prefix=x86_64- linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable- nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable- libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique- object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --enable- default-pie --with-system-zlib --with-target-system-zlib --enable-objc- gc=auto --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-Arch-32=i686 --with- abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with- tune=generic --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none --without-cuda-driver --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --Host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu Thread model: posix gcc version 8.0.1 20180414 (experimental) [trunk revision 259383] (Ubuntu 8-20180414-1ubuntu2)

karel · Accepted Answer

Les référentiels incompatibles à partir de 16.04 de vos sources de logiciels interfèrent avec l'installation d'autres paquets dans Ubuntu 18.04 et provoquent un message d'erreur concernant les paquets cassés. Supprimez donc les dépôts incompatibles avec ppa-purge de vos sources de logiciels. .

Ensuite, vous pourrez installer les paquets dont vous avez besoin à partir des référentiels Ubuntu 18.04 par défaut. Ouvrez le terminal et tapez:

Sudo apt-get install ppa-purge Sudo apt update Sudo apt install aptitude Sudo aptitude install libubsan1 libasan5 libgcc-8-dev gcc-8-base gcc-8 cpp-8 g++-8

Suivez les suggestions d’aptitude s’il existe un problème de dépendance après l’exécution de la dernière commande, car aptitude suggère un peu d’astuce pour résoudre les problèmes de dépendance causés par des paquets cassés.