Est-il possible d'analyser JSON en SQL? Je ne veux pas créer une chaîne JSON, je veux analyser une chaîne JSON transmise en tant que paramètre.
Mise à jour: à partir de SQL Server 2016 l'analyse de JSON dans TSQL est désormais possible .
Nativement, il n'y a pas de soutien. Vous devrez utiliser CLR. C’est aussi simple que cela, sauf si vous avez une énorme traînée masochiste et souhaitez écrire un analyseur JSON en SQL.
Normalement, les gens demandent une sortie JSON de la base de données et il y a des exemples sur Internet. Mais dans une DB?
Il me semble avoir une énorme traînée masochiste dans le sens où j'ai écrit un analyseur JSON. Il convertit un document JSON en une table de liste SQL Adjacency, facile à utiliser pour mettre à jour vos tables de données. En fait, j'ai fait pire, en ce sens que j'ai créé du code pour effectuer le processus inverse, qui consiste à passer d'une table hiérarchique à une chaîne JSON.
L'article et le code sont ici: Consommer des chaînes Json dans le serveur SQL .
Select * from parseJSON('{ "Person": { "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Smith", "age": 25, "Address": { "streetAddress":"21 2nd Street", "city":"New York", "state":"NY", "postalCode":"10021" }, "PhoneNumbers": { "home":"212 555-1234", "fax":"646 555-4567" } } } ')
Obtenir:
Enfin, SQL Server 2016 ajoutera la prise en charge de JSON natif!
Ref:
Les fonctionnalités supplémentaires de SQL Server 2016 incluent:
- Améliorations supplémentaires de la sécurité pour la sécurité au niveau de la ligne et le masquage dynamique des données pour compléter nos investissements en sécurité avec Always
Crypté.- Améliorations apportées à AlwaysOn pour une disponibilité et une reprise sur sinistre plus robustes avec plusieurs réplicas synchrones et une charge secondaire
équilibrage.- Prise en charge native de JSON pour offrir de meilleures performances et prise en charge de vos nombreux types de données.
- Les outils EIM (SQL Server Enterprise Information Management) et Analysis Services bénéficient d'une mise à niveau en termes de performances, de convivialité et d'évolutivité.
- Sauvegardes hybrides plus rapides, scénarios de haute disponibilité et de récupération d'urgence pour sauvegarder et restaurer vos bases de données locales sur Azure
et placez vos serveurs secondaires SQL Server AlwaysOn dans Azure.
Articles de blog: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/jocapc/archive/2015/05/16/json-support-in-sql-server-2016.aspx
J'ai aussi une énorme traînée masochiste car j'ai écrit un autre analyseur JSON. Celui-ci utilise une approche procédurale. Il utilise une table de liste de hiérarchie SQL similaire pour stocker les données analysées. Aussi dans le paquet sont:
S'il vous plaît n'hésitez pas à utiliser et amusez-vous avec elle
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1000953/JSON-for-Sql-Server-Part
SQL Server 2016 prend en charge json data
_ analyser en utilisant OPENJSON
. Vous pouvez utiliser OPENJSON
pour mapper json data
aux rangées et aux colonnes.
Votre json Data
[
{ "id" : 2,"name": "John"},
{ "id" : 5,"name": "John"}
]
Voici comment vous pouvez gérer JSON en SQL
//@pJson is json data passed from code.
INSERT INTO YourTable (id, Name)
SELECT id, name
FROM OPENJSON(@pJson)
WITH (id int,
name nvarchar(max))
Ici est un article détaillé qui couvre ce sujet.
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.parseJSON( @JSON NVARCHAR(MAX))
RETURNS @hierarchy TABLE
(
element_id INT IDENTITY(1, 1) NOT NULL, /* internal surrogate primary key gives the order of parsing and the list order */
sequenceNo [int] NULL, /* the place in the sequence for the element */
parent_ID INT,/* if the element has a parent then it is in this column. The document is the ultimate parent, so you can get the structure from recursing from the document */
Object_ID INT,/* each list or object has an object id. This ties all elements to a parent. Lists are treated as objects here */
NAME NVARCHAR(2000),/* the name of the object */
StringValue NVARCHAR(MAX) NOT NULL,/*the string representation of the value of the element. */
ValueType VARCHAR(10) NOT null /* the declared type of the value represented as a string in StringValue*/
)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE
@FirstObject INT, --the index of the first open bracket found in the JSON string
@OpenDelimiter INT,--the index of the next open bracket found in the JSON string
@NextOpenDelimiter INT,--the index of subsequent open bracket found in the JSON string
@NextCloseDelimiter INT,--the index of subsequent close bracket found in the JSON string
@Type NVARCHAR(10),--whether it denotes an object or an array
@NextCloseDelimiterChar CHAR(1),--either a '}' or a ']'
@Contents NVARCHAR(MAX), --the unparsed contents of the bracketed expression
@Start INT, --index of the start of the token that you are parsing
@end INT,--index of the end of the token that you are parsing
@param INT,--the parameter at the end of the next Object/Array token
@EndOfName INT,--the index of the start of the parameter at end of Object/Array token
@token NVARCHAR(200),--either a string or object
@value NVARCHAR(MAX), -- the value as a string
@SequenceNo int, -- the sequence number within a list
@name NVARCHAR(200), --the name as a string
@parent_ID INT,--the next parent ID to allocate
@lenJSON INT,--the current length of the JSON String
@characters NCHAR(36),--used to convert hex to decimal
@result BIGINT,--the value of the hex symbol being parsed
@index SMALLINT,--used for parsing the hex value
@Escape INT --the index of the next escape character
DECLARE @Strings TABLE /* in this temporary table we keep all strings, even the names of the elements, since they are 'escaped' in a different way, and may contain, unescaped, brackets denoting objects or lists. These are replaced in the JSON string by tokens representing the string */
(
String_ID INT IDENTITY(1, 1),
StringValue NVARCHAR(MAX)
)
SELECT--initialise the characters to convert hex to ascii
@characters='0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',
@SequenceNo=0, --set the sequence no. to something sensible.
/* firstly we process all strings. This is done because [{} and ] aren't escaped in strings, which complicates an iterative parse. */
@parent_ID=0;
WHILE 1=1 --forever until there is nothing more to do
BEGIN
SELECT
@start=PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z]["]%', @json collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin);--next delimited string
IF @start=0 BREAK --no more so drop through the WHILE loop
IF SUBSTRING(@json, @start+1, 1)='"'
BEGIN --Delimited Name
SET @start=@Start+1;
SET @end=PATINDEX('%[^\]["]%', RIGHT(@json, LEN(@json+'|')-@start) collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin);
END
IF @end=0 --no end delimiter to last string
BREAK --no more
SELECT @token=SUBSTRING(@json, @start+1, @end-1)
--now put in the escaped control characters
SELECT @token=REPLACE(@token, FROMString, TOString)
FROM
(SELECT
'\"' AS FromString, '"' AS ToString
UNION ALL SELECT '\\', '\'
UNION ALL SELECT '\/', '/'
UNION ALL SELECT '\b', CHAR(08)
UNION ALL SELECT '\f', CHAR(12)
UNION ALL SELECT '\n', CHAR(10)
UNION ALL SELECT '\r', CHAR(13)
UNION ALL SELECT '\t', CHAR(09)
) substitutions
SELECT @result=0, @escape=1
--Begin to take out any hex escape codes
WHILE @escape>0
BEGIN
SELECT @index=0,
--find the next hex escape sequence
@escape=PATINDEX('%\x[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]%', @token collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)
IF @escape>0 --if there is one
BEGIN
WHILE @index<4 --there are always four digits to a \x sequence
BEGIN
SELECT --determine its value
@result=@result+POWER(16, @index)
*(CHARINDEX(SUBSTRING(@token, @escape+2+3-@index, 1),
@characters)-1), @index=@index+1 ;
END
-- and replace the hex sequence by its unicode value
SELECT @token=STUFF(@token, @escape, 6, NCHAR(@result))
END
END
--now store the string away
INSERT INTO @Strings (StringValue) SELECT @token
-- and replace the string with a token
SELECT @JSON=STUFF(@json, @start, @end+1,
'@string'+CONVERT(NVARCHAR(5), @@identity))
END
-- all strings are now removed. Now we find the first leaf.
WHILE 1=1 --forever until there is nothing more to do
BEGIN
SELECT @parent_ID=@parent_ID+1
--find the first object or list by looking for the open bracket
SELECT @FirstObject=PATINDEX('%[{[[]%', @json collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)--object or array
IF @FirstObject = 0 BREAK
IF (SUBSTRING(@json, @FirstObject, 1)='{')
SELECT @NextCloseDelimiterChar='}', @type='object'
ELSE
SELECT @NextCloseDelimiterChar=']', @type='array'
SELECT @OpenDelimiter=@firstObject
WHILE 1=1 --find the innermost object or list...
BEGIN
SELECT
@lenJSON=LEN(@JSON+'|')-1
--find the matching close-delimiter proceeding after the open-delimiter
SELECT
@NextCloseDelimiter=CHARINDEX(@NextCloseDelimiterChar, @json,
@OpenDelimiter+1)
--is there an intervening open-delimiter of either type
SELECT @NextOpenDelimiter=PATINDEX('%[{[[]%',
RIGHT(@json, @lenJSON-@OpenDelimiter)collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)--object
IF @NextOpenDelimiter=0
BREAK
SELECT @NextOpenDelimiter=@NextOpenDelimiter+@OpenDelimiter
IF @NextCloseDelimiter<@NextOpenDelimiter
BREAK
IF SUBSTRING(@json, @NextOpenDelimiter, 1)='{'
SELECT @NextCloseDelimiterChar='}', @type='object'
ELSE
SELECT @NextCloseDelimiterChar=']', @type='array'
SELECT @OpenDelimiter=@NextOpenDelimiter
END
---and parse out the list or name/value pairs
SELECT
@contents=SUBSTRING(@json, @OpenDelimiter+1,
@NextCloseDelimiter-@OpenDelimiter-1)
SELECT
@JSON=STUFF(@json, @OpenDelimiter,
@NextCloseDelimiter-@OpenDelimiter+1,
'@'+@type+CONVERT(NVARCHAR(5), @parent_ID))
WHILE (PATINDEX('%[A-Za-z0-9@+.e]%', @contents collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin))<>0
BEGIN
IF @Type='Object' --it will be a 0-n list containing a string followed by a string, number,boolean, or null
BEGIN
SELECT
@SequenceNo=0,@end=CHARINDEX(':', ' '+@contents)--if there is anything, it will be a string-based name.
SELECT @start=PATINDEX('%[^A-Za-z@][@]%', ' '+@contents collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)--AAAAAAAA
SELECT @token=SUBSTRING(' '+@contents, @start+1, @End-@Start-1),
@endofname=PATINDEX('%[0-9]%', @token collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin),
@param=RIGHT(@token, LEN(@token)-@endofname+1)
SELECT
@token=LEFT(@token, @endofname-1),
@Contents=RIGHT(' '+@contents, LEN(' '+@contents+'|')-@end-1)
SELECT @name=stringvalue FROM @strings
WHERE string_id=@param --fetch the name
END
ELSE
SELECT @Name=null,@SequenceNo=@SequenceNo+1
SELECT
@end=CHARINDEX(',', @contents)-- a string-token, object-token, list-token, number,boolean, or null
IF @end=0
SELECT @end=PATINDEX('%[A-Za-z0-9@+.e][^A-Za-z0-9@+.e]%', @Contents+' ' collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)
+1
SELECT
@start=PATINDEX('%[^A-Za-z0-9@+.e][A-Za-z0-9@+.e]%', ' '+@contents collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)
--select @start,@end, LEN(@contents+'|'), @contents
SELECT
@Value=RTRIM(SUBSTRING(@contents, @start, @End-@Start)),
@Contents=RIGHT(@contents+' ', LEN(@contents+'|')-@end)
IF SUBSTRING(@value, 1, 7)='@object'
INSERT INTO @hierarchy
(NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, Object_ID, ValueType)
SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, SUBSTRING(@value, 8, 5),
SUBSTRING(@value, 8, 5), 'object'
ELSE
IF SUBSTRING(@value, 1, 6)='@array'
INSERT INTO @hierarchy
(NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, Object_ID, ValueType)
SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, SUBSTRING(@value, 7, 5),
SUBSTRING(@value, 7, 5), 'array'
ELSE
IF SUBSTRING(@value, 1, 7)='@string'
INSERT INTO @hierarchy
(NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType)
SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, stringvalue, 'string'
FROM @strings
WHERE string_id=SUBSTRING(@value, 8, 5)
ELSE
IF @value IN ('true', 'false')
INSERT INTO @hierarchy
(NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType)
SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, @value, 'boolean'
ELSE
IF @value='null'
INSERT INTO @hierarchy
(NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType)
SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, @value, 'null'
ELSE
IF PATINDEX('%[^0-9]%', @value collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)>0
INSERT INTO @hierarchy
(NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType)
SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, @value, 'real'
ELSE
INSERT INTO @hierarchy
(NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType)
SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, @value, 'int'
if @Contents=' ' Select @SequenceNo=0
END
END
INSERT INTO @hierarchy (NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, Object_ID, ValueType)
SELECT '-',1, NULL, '', @parent_id-1, @type
--
RETURN
END
GO
--- Pase JSON
Declare @pars varchar(MAX) =
' {"shapes":[{"type":"polygon","geofenceName":"","geofenceDescription":"",
"geofenceCategory":"1","color":"#1E90FF","paths":[{"path":[{
"lat":"26.096254906968525","lon":"65.709228515625"}
,{"lat":"28.38173504322308","lon":"66.741943359375"}
,{"lat":"26.765230565697482","lon":"68.983154296875"}
,{"lat":"26.254009699865737","lon":"68.609619140625"}
,{"lat":"25.997549919572112","lon":"68.104248046875"}
,{"lat":"26.843677401113002","lon":"67.115478515625"}
,{"lat":"25.363882272740255","lon":"65.819091796875"}]}]}]}'
Select * from parseJSON(@pars) AS MyResult
J'ai développé mon propre analyseur JSON SQL Server 2016+ il y a quelque temps. J'utilise cela dans tous mes projets - très bonne performance. J'espère que cela peut aider quelqu'un d'autre aussi.
Code complet de la fonction:
ALTER FUNCTION [dbo].[SmartParseJSON] (@json NVARCHAR(MAX))
RETURNS @Parsed TABLE (Parent NVARCHAR(MAX),Path NVARCHAR(MAX),Level INT,Param NVARCHAR(4000),Type NVARCHAR(255),Value NVARCHAR(MAX),GenericPath NVARCHAR(MAX))
AS
BEGIN
-- Author: Vitaly Borisov
-- Create date: 2018-03-23
;WITH crData AS (
SELECT CAST(NULL AS NVARCHAR(4000)) COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT AS [Parent]
,j.[Key] AS [Param],j.Value,j.Type
,j.[Key] AS [Path],0 AS [Level]
,j.[Key] AS [GenericPath]
FROM OPENJSON(@json) j
UNION ALL
SELECT CAST(d.Path AS NVARCHAR(4000)) COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT AS [Parent]
,j.[Key] AS [Param],j.Value,j.Type
,d.Path + CASE d.Type WHEN 5 THEN '.' WHEN 4 THEN '[' ELSE '' END + j.[Key] + CASE d.Type WHEN 4 THEN ']' ELSE '' END AS [Path]
,d.Level+1
,d.GenericPath + CASE d.Type WHEN 5 THEN '.' + j.[Key] ELSE '' END AS [GenericPath]
FROM crData d
CROSS APPLY OPENJSON(d.Value) j
WHERE ISJSON(d.Value) = 1
)
INSERT INTO @Parsed(Parent, Path, Level, Param, Type, Value, GenericPath)
SELECT d.Parent,d.Path,d.Level,d.Param
,CASE d.Type
WHEN 1 THEN CASE WHEN TRY_CONVERT(UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,d.Value) IS NOT NULL THEN 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER' ELSE 'NVARCHAR(MAX)' END
WHEN 2 THEN 'INT'
WHEN 3 THEN 'BIT'
WHEN 4 THEN 'Array'
WHEN 5 THEN 'Object'
ELSE 'NVARCHAR(MAX)'
END AS [Type]
,CASE
WHEN d.Type = 3 AND d.Value = 'true' THEN '1'
WHEN d.Type = 3 AND d.Value = 'false' THEN '0'
ELSE d.Value
END AS [Value]
,d.GenericPath
FROM crData d
OPTION(MAXRECURSION 1000) /*Limit to 1000 levels deep*/
;
RETURN;
END
GO
Exemple d'utilisation:
DECLARE @json NVARCHAR(MAX) = '{"Objects":[{"SomeKeyID":1,"Value":3}],"SomeParam":"Lalala"}';
SELECT j.Parent, j.Path, j.Level, j.Param, j.Type, j.Value, j.GenericPath
FROM dbo.SmartParseJSON(@json) j;
Exemple d'utilisation à plusieurs niveaux:
DECLARE @json NVARCHAR(MAX) = '{"Objects":[{"SomeKeyID":1,"Value":3}],"SomeParam":"Lalala"}';
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #ParsedData;
SELECT j.Parent, j.Path, j.Level, j.Param, j.Type, j.Value, j.GenericPath
INTO #ParsedData
FROM dbo.SmartParseJSON(@json) j;
SELECT COALESCE(p2.GenericPath,p.GenericPath) AS [GenericPath]
,COALESCE(p2.Param,p.Param) AS [Param]
,COALESCE(p2.Value,p.Value) AS [Value]
FROM #ParsedData p
LEFT JOIN #ParsedData p1 ON p1.Parent = p.Path AND p1.Level = 1
LEFT JOIN #ParsedData p2 ON p2.Parent = p1.Path AND p2.Level = 2
WHERE p.Level = 0
;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #ParsedData;
Il existe maintenant une prise en charge native dans SQL Server (CTP3) pour l’importation, l’exportation, la recherche et la validation de JSON dans T-SQL. Reportez-vous à https://msdn.Microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn921897.aspx