Liste des colonnes avec des index dans PostgreSQL
Je voudrais obtenir les colonnes sur lesquelles se trouve un index dans PostgreSQL.
Dans MySQL, vous pouvez utiliser SHOW INDEXES FOR table et regarder la colonne Column_name.
mysql> show indexes from foos;
+-------+------------+---------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+-------+------------+---------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| foos | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 19710 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| foos | 0 | index_foos_on_email | 1 | email | A | 19710 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | |
| foos | 1 | index_foos_on_name | 1 | name | A | 19710 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
+-------+------------+---------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
Est-ce que quelque chose comme ça existe pour PostgreSQL?
J'ai essayé \d à l'invite de la commande psql (avec l'option -E pour afficher le code SQL), mais les informations que je cherchais ne sont pas affichées.
Mise à jour: Merci à tous ceux qui ont ajouté leurs réponses. cope360 m'a donné exactement ce que je cherchais, mais plusieurs personnes sont intervenues avec des liens très utiles. Pour référence future, consultez la documentation de pg_index (via Milen A. Radev ) et l’article très utile Extraire les informations META de PostgreSQL (via Michał Niklas ).
Créer des données de test ...
create table test (a int, b int, c int, constraint pk_test primary key(a, b));
create table test2 (a int, b int, c int, constraint uk_test2 unique (b, c));
create table test3 (a int, b int, c int, constraint uk_test3b unique (b), constraint uk_test3c unique (c),constraint uk_test3ab unique (a, b));
Liste des index et des colonnes indexés:
select
t.relname as table_name,
i.relname as index_name,
a.attname as column_name
from
pg_class t,
pg_class i,
pg_index ix,
pg_attribute a
where
t.oid = ix.indrelid
and i.oid = ix.indexrelid
and a.attrelid = t.oid
and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
and t.relkind = 'r'
and t.relname like 'test%'
order by
t.relname,
i.relname;
table_name | index_name | column_name
------------+------------+-------------
test | pk_test | a
test | pk_test | b
test2 | uk_test2 | b
test2 | uk_test2 | c
test3 | uk_test3ab | a
test3 | uk_test3ab | b
test3 | uk_test3b | b
test3 | uk_test3c | c
Relevez les noms de colonne:
select
t.relname as table_name,
i.relname as index_name,
array_to_string(array_agg(a.attname), ', ') as column_names
from
pg_class t,
pg_class i,
pg_index ix,
pg_attribute a
where
t.oid = ix.indrelid
and i.oid = ix.indexrelid
and a.attrelid = t.oid
and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
and t.relkind = 'r'
and t.relname like 'test%'
group by
t.relname,
i.relname
order by
t.relname,
i.relname;
table_name | index_name | column_names
------------+------------+--------------
test | pk_test | a, b
test2 | uk_test2 | b, c
test3 | uk_test3ab | a, b
test3 | uk_test3b | b
test3 | uk_test3c | c
\d table_name affiche ces informations à partir de psql, mais si vous souhaitez obtenir ces informations à partir d'une base de données à l'aide de SQL, consultez Extraction des informations META à partir de PostgreSQL .
J'utilise ces informations dans mon utilitaire pour signaler certaines informations de db schema afin de comparer les bases de données PostgreSQL dans des environnements de test et de production.
PostgreSQL ( pg_indexes ):
SELECT * FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'mytable';
MySQL ( SHOW INDEX ):
SHOW INDEX FROM mytable;
Il suffit de faire: \d table_name
Mais je ne suis pas sûr de ce que vous voulez dire par le fait que les informations sur les colonnes ne sont pas là.
Par exemple:
# \d pg_class
Table "pg_catalog.pg_class"
Column | Type | Modifiers
-----------------+-----------+-----------
relname | name | not null
relnamespace | oid | not null
reltype | oid | not null
reloftype | oid | not null
relowner | oid | not null
relam | oid | not null
relfilenode | oid | not null
reltablespace | oid | not null
relpages | integer | not null
reltuples | real | not null
reltoastrelid | oid | not null
reltoastidxid | oid | not null
relhasindex | boolean | not null
relisshared | boolean | not null
relistemp | boolean | not null
relkind | "char" | not null
relnatts | smallint | not null
relchecks | smallint | not null
relhasoids | boolean | not null
relhaspkey | boolean | not null
relhasexclusion | boolean | not null
relhasrules | boolean | not null
relhastriggers | boolean | not null
relhassubclass | boolean | not null
relfrozenxid | xid | not null
relacl | aclitem[] |
reloptions | text[] |
Indexes:
"pg_class_oid_index" UNIQUE, btree (oid)
"pg_class_relname_nsp_index" UNIQUE, btree (relname, relnamespace)
Il montre clairement quelles colonnes sont indexées sur cette table.
# \di
Le moyen le plus simple et le plus simple est\di, qui répertorie tous les index de la base de données actuelle.
$ \di
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table
--------+-----------------------------+-------+----------+---------------
public | part_delivery_index | index | shipper | part_delivery
public | part_delivery_pkey | index | shipper | part_delivery
public | shipment_by_mandator | index | shipper | shipment_info
public | shipment_by_number_and_size | index | shipper | shipment_info
public | shipment_info_pkey | index | shipper | shipment_info
(5 rows)
\di est le "petit frère" de la commande \d qui listera toutes les relations du d atabase en cours. Ainsi, \di signifie certainement "montrez-moi ceci d atabases i ndexes".
Taper\diSlistera tous les index utilisés dans tout le système, ce qui signifie que vous obtenez également tous les index pg_catalog.
$ \diS
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table
------------+-------------------------------------------+-------+----------+-------------------------
pg_catalog | pg_aggregate_fnoid_index | index | postgres | pg_aggregate
pg_catalog | pg_am_name_index | index | postgres | pg_am
pg_catalog | pg_am_oid_index | index | postgres | pg_am
pg_catalog | pg_amop_fam_strat_index | index | postgres | pg_amop
pg_catalog | pg_amop_oid_index | index | postgres | pg_amop
pg_catalog | pg_amop_opr_fam_index | index | postgres | pg_amop
pg_catalog | pg_amproc_fam_proc_index | index | postgres | pg_amproc
pg_catalog | pg_amproc_oid_index | index | postgres | pg_amproc
pg_catalog | pg_attrdef_adrelid_adnum_index | index | postgres | pg_attrdef
--More--
Avec ces deux commandes, vous pouvez ajouter un + après pour obtenir encore plus d'informations, telles que la taille de l'espace disque nécessaire à l'index et une description, le cas échéant.
$ \di+
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table | Size | Description
--------+-----------------------------+-------+----------+---------------+-------+-------------
public | part_delivery_index | index | shipper | part_delivery | 16 kB |
public | part_delivery_pkey | index | shipper | part_delivery | 16 kB |
public | shipment_by_mandator | index | shipper | shipment_info | 19 MB |
public | shipment_by_number_and_size | index | shipper | shipment_info | 19 MB |
public | shipment_info_pkey | index | shipper | shipment_info | 53 MB |
(5 rows)
Dans psql, vous pouvez facilement trouver de l'aide sur les commandes qui saisissent \?.
Combiné avec d'autres codes et créé une vue:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view_index AS
SELECT
n.nspname as "schema"
,t.relname as "table"
,c.relname as "index"
,pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid) as "def"
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_index i ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class t ON i.indrelid = t.oid
WHERE c.relkind = 'i'
and n.nspname not in ('pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
and pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
ORDER BY
n.nspname
,t.relname
,c.relname;
Quelques exemples de données ...
create table test (a int, b int, c int, constraint pk_test primary key(a, b));
create table test2 (a int, b int, c int, constraint uk_test2 unique (b, c));
create table test3 (a int, b int, c int, constraint uk_test3b unique (b), constraint uk_test3c unique (c), constraint uk_test3ab unique (a, b));
Utilisez la fonction pg_get_indexdef:
select pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid) from pg_index where indrelid = 'test'::regclass;
pg_get_indexdef
--------------------------------------------------------
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX pk_test ON test USING btree (a, b)
(1 row)
select pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid) from pg_index where indrelid = 'test2'::regclass;
pg_get_indexdef
----------------------------------------------------------
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uk_test2 ON test2 USING btree (b, c)
(1 row)
select pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid) from pg_index where indrelid ='test3'::regclass;
pg_get_indexdef
------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uk_test3b ON test3 USING btree (b)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uk_test3c ON test3 USING btree (c)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uk_test3ab ON test3 USING btree (a, b)
(3 rows)
Cette commande affiche également la vue des variables de table, des index et des contraintes
=# \d table_name;
Exemple:
testannie=# \d dv.l_customer_account;
\d tablename affiche les noms de colonne pour moi sur la version 8.3.8.
"username_idx" UNIQUE, btree (username), tablespace "alldata1"
RÉSULTAT DE LA REQUÊTE:
table | column | type | notnull | index_name | is_index | primarykey | uniquekey | default
-------+----------------+------------------------+---------+--------------+----------+- -----------+-----------+---------
nodes | dns_datacenter | character varying(255) | f | | f | f | f |
nodes | dns_name | character varying(255) | f | dns_name_idx | t | f | f |
nodes | id | uuid | t | nodes_pkey | t | t | t |
(3 rows)
QUESTION:
SELECT
c.relname AS table,
f.attname AS column,
pg_catalog.format_type(f.atttypid,f.atttypmod) AS type,
f.attnotnull AS notnull,
i.relname as index_name,
CASE
WHEN i.oid<>0 THEN 't'
ELSE 'f'
END AS is_index,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't'
ELSE 'f'
END AS primarykey,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN 't'
WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't'
ELSE 'f'
END AS uniquekey,
CASE
WHEN f.atthasdef = 't' THEN d.adsrc
END AS default FROM pg_attribute f
JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = f.attrelid
JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = f.atttypid
LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON d.adrelid = c.oid AND d.adnum = f.attnum
LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.conrelid = c.oid AND f.attnum = ANY (p.conkey)
LEFT JOIN pg_class AS g ON p.confrelid = g.oid
LEFT JOIN pg_index AS ix ON f.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey) and c.oid = f.attrelid and c.oid = ix.indrelid
LEFT JOIN pg_class AS i ON ix.indexrelid = i.oid
WHERE c.relkind = 'r'::char
AND n.nspname = 'public' -- Replace with Schema name
--AND c.relname = 'nodes' -- Replace with table name, or Comment this for get all tables
AND f.attnum > 0
ORDER BY c.relname,f.attname;
L'information brute est dans pg_index .
Si vous souhaitez conserver l'ordre des colonnes dans l'index, voici une manière (très laide) de le faire:
select table_name,
index_name,
array_agg(column_name)
from (
select
t.relname as table_name,
i.relname as index_name,
a.attname as column_name,
unnest(ix.indkey) as unn,
a.attnum
from
pg_class t,
pg_class i,
pg_index ix,
pg_attribute a
where
t.oid = ix.indrelid
and i.oid = ix.indexrelid
and a.attrelid = t.oid
and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
and t.relkind = 'r'
and t.relnamespace = <oid of the schema you're interested in>
order by
t.relname,
i.relname,
generate_subscripts(ix.indkey,1)) sb
where unn = attnum
group by table_name, index_name
l’ordre des colonnes est stocké dans la colonne pg_index.indkey, j’ai donc commandé par les indices de ce tableau.
Voici une fonction qui englobe la réponse de cope360:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getIndices(_table_name varchar)
RETURNS TABLE(table_name varchar, index_name varchar, column_name varchar) AS $$
BEGIN
RETURN QUERY
select
t.relname::varchar as table_name,
i.relname::varchar as index_name,
a.attname::varchar as column_name
from
pg_class t,
pg_class i,
pg_index ix,
pg_attribute a
where
t.oid = ix.indrelid
and i.oid = ix.indexrelid
and a.attrelid = t.oid
and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
and t.relkind = 'r'
and t.relname = _table_name
order by
t.relname,
i.relname;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
Usage:
select * from getIndices('<my_table>')
En jouant avec les index, l'ordre dans lequel les colonnes sont construites est aussi important que les colonnes elles-mêmes.
La requête suivante répertorie tous les index d'une table donnée et toutes leurs colonnes de manière triée.
SELECT
table_name,
index_name,
string_agg(column_name, ',')
FROM (
SELECT
t.relname AS table_name,
i.relname AS index_name,
a.attname AS column_name,
(SELECT i
FROM (SELECT
*,
row_number()
OVER () i
FROM unnest(indkey) WITH ORDINALITY AS a(v)) a
WHERE v = attnum)
FROM
pg_class t,
pg_class i,
pg_index ix,
pg_attribute a
WHERE
t.oid = ix.indrelid
AND i.oid = ix.indexrelid
AND a.attrelid = t.oid
AND a.attnum = ANY (ix.indkey)
AND t.relkind = 'r'
AND t.relname LIKE 'tablename'
ORDER BY table_name, index_name, i
) raw
GROUP BY table_name, index_name
Veuillez essayer la requête ci-dessous pour explorer les index requis.
Interrogez comme ci-dessous - j'ai essayé cela personnellement et je l'utilise fréquemment.
SELECT n.nspname as "Schema",
c.relname as "Name",
CASE c.relkind WHEN 'r' THEN 'table' WHEN 'v' THEN 'view' WHEN 'i'
THEN 'index' WHEN 'S' THEN 'sequence' WHEN 's' THEN 'special' END as "Type",
u.usename as "Owner",
c2.relname as "Table"
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_index i ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class c2 ON i.indrelid = c2.oid
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_user u ON u.usesysid = c.relowner
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE c.relkind IN ('i','')
AND n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
AND c2.relname like '%agg_transaction%' --table name
AND nspname = 'edjus' -- schema name
ORDER BY 1,2;
Que diriez-vous d'une solution simple:
SELECT
t.relname table_name,
ix.relname index_name,
indisunique,
indisprimary,
regexp_replace(pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid), '.*\((.*)\)', '\1') columns
FROM pg_index i
JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = i.indrelid
JOIN pg_class ix ON ix.oid = i.indexrelid
WHERE t.relname LIKE 'test%'
`
Étendre à la bonne réponse de @ Cope360. Pour obtenir certaines tables (leur cas est le même nom de table mais un schéma différent), en utilisant simplement la table OID.
select
t.relname as table_name
,i.relname as index_name
,a.attname as column_name
,a.attrelid tableid
from
pg_class t,
pg_class i,
pg_index ix,
pg_attribute a
where
t.oid = ix.indrelid
and i.oid = ix.indexrelid
and a.attrelid = t.oid
and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
and t.relkind = 'r'
-- and t.relname like 'tbassettype'
and a.attrelid = '"dbLegal".tbassettype'::regclass
order by
t.relname,
i.relname;
Expliquez: J'ai le nom de la table 'tbassettype' dans les schémas 'dbAsset' et 'dbLegal'. Pour obtenir uniquement un tableau sur dbLegal, laissez simplement a.attrelid = son OID.
select t.relname as table_name,
i.relname as index_name,
array_position(ix.indkey,a.attnum) pos,
a.attname as column_name
from pg_class t
join pg_index ix on t.oid = ix.indrelid
join pg_class i on i.oid = ix.indexrelid
join pg_attribute a on a.attrelid = t.oid and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
where t.relkind = 'r'
and t.relname like 'orders'
order by t.relname, i.relname, array_position(ix.indkey,a.attnum)
Réponse légèrement modifiée de @ cope360:
create table test (a int, b int, c int, constraint pk_test primary key(c, a, b));
select i.relname as index_name,
ix.indisunique as is_unique,
a.attname as column_name,
from pg_class c
inner join pg_index ix on c.oid=ix.indrelid
inner join pg_class i on ix.indexrelid=i.oid
inner join pg_attribute a on a.attrelid=c.oid and a.attnum=any(ix.indkey)
where c.oid='public.test'::regclass::oid
order by array_position(ix.indkey, a.attnum) asc;
Cela montrera les colonnes d'index dans le bon ordre:
index_name is_unique column_name
pk_test true c
pk_test true a
pk_test true b
Je ne pense pas que cette version existe encore sur ce fil: elle fournit à la fois la liste des noms de colonnes ainsi que le ddl de l'index.
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW V_TABLE_INDEXES AS
SELECT
n.nspname as "schema"
,t.relname as "table"
,c.relname as "index"
,i.indisunique AS "is_unique"
,array_to_string(array_agg(a.attname), ', ') as "columns"
,pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid) as "ddl"
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_index i ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class t ON i.indrelid = t.oid
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = t.oid AND a.attnum = ANY(i.indkey)
WHERE c.relkind = 'i'
and n.nspname not in ('pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
and pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
GROUP BY
n.nspname
,t.relname
,c.relname
,i.indisunique
,i.indexrelid
ORDER BY
n.nspname
,t.relname
,c.relname;
J'ai constaté que les index utilisant des fonctions ne liaient pas aux noms de colonnes, aussi vous trouvez-vous parfois une liste d'index, par exemple. un nom de colonne alors qu’il utilise en fait 3.
Exemple:
CREATE INDEX ui1 ON table1 (coalesce(col1,''),coalesce(col2,''),col3)
La requête renvoie uniquement 'col3' en tant que colonne de l'index, mais le DDL affiche l'ensemble complet des colonnes utilisées dans l'index.
Excellente réponse de @ cope360, convertie pour utiliser la syntaxe de jointure.
select t.relname as table_name
, i.relname as index_name
, array_to_string(array_agg(a.attname), ', ') as column_names
from pg_class t
join pg_index ix
on t.oid = ix.indrelid
join pg_class i
on i.oid = ix.indexrelid
join pg_attribute a
on a.attrelid = t.oid
and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
where t.relkind = 'r'
and t.relname like 'test%'
group by t.relname
, i.relname
order by t.relname
, i.relname
;
La réponse acceptée par @ cope360 est bonne, mais je voulais quelque chose d'un peu plus semblable au DBA_IND_COLUMNS, ALL_IND_COLUMNS et USER_IND_COLUMNS d'Oracle (par exemple, le schéma de table/index et la position de l'index dans un index multicolonne), etc. J'ai adapté la réponse acceptée dans ceci:
with
ind_cols as (
select
n.nspname as schema_name,
t.relname as table_name,
i.relname as index_name,
a.attname as column_name,
1 + array_position(ix.indkey, a.attnum) as column_position
from
pg_catalog.pg_class t
join pg_catalog.pg_attribute a on t.oid = a.attrelid
join pg_catalog.pg_index ix on t.oid = ix.indrelid
join pg_catalog.pg_class i on a.attnum = any(ix.indkey)
and i.oid = ix.indexrelid
join pg_catalog.pg_namespace n on n.oid = t.relnamespace
where t.relkind = 'r'
order by
t.relname,
i.relname,
array_position(ix.indkey, a.attnum)
)
select *
from ind_cols
where schema_name = 'test'
and table_name = 'indextest'
order by schema_name, table_name
;
Cela donne une sortie comme:
schema_name | table_name | index_name | column_name | column_position
-------------+------------+------------+-------------+-----------------
test | indextest | testind1 | singleindex | 1
test | indextest | testind2 | firstoftwo | 1
test | indextest | testind2 | secondoftwo | 2
(3 rows)