Quel est l'équivalent de 'describe table' dans SQL Server?
J'ai une base de données SQL Server et je veux savoir quelles colonnes et quels types elle a. Je préférerais le faire via une requête plutôt que d'utiliser une interface graphique comme Enterprise Manager. Y a-t-il un moyen de faire cela?
Vous pouvez utiliser la procédure stockée sp_columns :
exec sp_columns MyTable
Il existe quelques méthodes pour obtenir des métadonnées sur une table:
EXEC sp_help tablename
Renverra plusieurs ensembles de résultats, décrivant la table, ses colonnes et ses contraintes.
Les vues INFORMATION_SCHEMA vous donneront les informations que vous souhaitez, mais vous devrez malheureusement les interroger et les joindre manuellement.
Juste au cas où vous ne voudriez pas utiliser une procédure stockée, voici une version de requête simple
select *
from information_schema.columns
where table_name = 'aspnet_Membership'
order by ordinal_position
Utilisez cette requête
Select * From INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS Where TABLE_NAME = 'TABLENAME'
Vous pouvez utiliser ce qui suit
sp_help tablename
Exemple: Sp_help Client
OU Utiliser le raccourci
- sélectionnez tableau appuyez sur Alt + F1
Exemple: client appuyez sur Alt + F1
Il suffit de sélectionner la table et appuyez sur Alt+F1,
il affichera toutes les informations sur la table telles que le nom de la colonne, le type de données, les clés, etc.
Veuillez utiliser la requête SQL suivante. cela a fonctionné pour mon cas.
select * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Columns where table_name = 'tablename';
En plus des manières montrées dans d’autres réponses, vous pouvez utiliser
SELECT TOP 0 * FROM table_name
Cela vous donnera le nom de chaque colonne sans aucun résultat et se termine presque instantanément avec un minimum de temps système.
J'ai écrit un sql * plus DESC (RIBE) comme select (affiche également les commentaires de colonne) en t-sql:
USE YourDB
GO
DECLARE @objectName NVARCHAR(128) = 'YourTable';
SELECT
a.[NAME]
,a.[TYPE]
,a.[CHARSET]
,a.[COLLATION]
,a.[NULLABLE]
,a.[DEFAULT]
,b.[COMMENTS]
-- ,a.[ORDINAL_POSITION]
FROM
(
SELECT
COLUMN_NAME AS [NAME]
,CASE DATA_TYPE
WHEN 'char' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + ')'
WHEN 'numeric' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(NUMERIC_PRECISION AS VARCHAR) + ', ' + CAST(NUMERIC_SCALE AS VARCHAR) + ')'
WHEN 'nvarchar' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + ')'
WHEN 'varbinary' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + ')'
WHEN 'varchar' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + ')'
ELSE DATA_TYPE
END AS [TYPE]
,CHARACTER_SET_NAME AS [CHARSET]
,COLLATION_NAME AS [COLLATION]
,IS_NULLABLE AS [NULLABLE]
,COLUMN_DEFAULT AS [DEFAULT]
,ORDINAL_POSITION
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE
TABLE_NAME = @objectName
) a
FULL JOIN
(
SELECT
CAST(value AS NVARCHAR) AS [COMMENTS]
,CAST(objname AS NVARCHAR) AS [NAME]
FROM
::fn_listextendedproperty ('MS_Description', 'user', 'dbo', 'table', @objectName, 'column', default)
) b
ON a.NAME COLLATE YourCollation = b.NAME COLLATE YourCollation
ORDER BY
a.[ORDINAL_POSITION];
La sélection susmentionnée peut être utilisée dans une procédure stockée marquée par le système et peut être appelée à partir de n’importe quelle base de données de votre instance de manière simple:
USE master;
GO
IF OBJECT_ID('sp_desc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_desc
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_desc (
@tableName nvarchar(128)
) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @dbName sysname;
DECLARE @schemaName sysname;
DECLARE @objectName sysname;
DECLARE @objectID int;
DECLARE @tmpTableName varchar(100);
DECLARE @sqlCmd nvarchar(4000);
SELECT @dbName = PARSENAME(@tableName, 3);
IF @dbName IS NULL SELECT @dbName = DB_NAME();
SELECT @schemaName = PARSENAME(@tableName, 2);
IF @schemaName IS NULL SELECT @schemaName = SCHEMA_NAME();
SELECT @objectName = PARSENAME(@tableName, 1);
IF @objectName IS NULL
BEGIN
PRINT 'Object is missing from your function call!';
RETURN;
END;
SELECT @objectID = OBJECT_ID(@dbName + '.' + @schemaName + '.' + @objectName);
IF @objectID IS NULL
BEGIN
PRINT 'Object [' + @dbName + '].[' + @schemaName + '].[' + @objectName + '] does not exist!';
RETURN;
END;
SELECT @tmpTableName = '#tmp_DESC_' + CAST(@@SPID AS VARCHAR) + REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(CAST(CONVERT(CHAR, GETDATE(), 121) AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), ' ', ''), ':', ''), '.', '');
--PRINT @tmpTableName;
SET @sqlCmd = '
USE ' + @dbName + '
CREATE TABLE ' + @tmpTableName + ' (
[NAME] nvarchar(128) NOT NULL
,[TYPE] varchar(50)
,[CHARSET] varchar(50)
,[COLLATION] varchar(50)
,[NULLABLE] varchar(3)
,[DEFAULT] nvarchar(4000)
,[COMMENTS] nvarchar(3750));
INSERT INTO ' + @tmpTableName + '
SELECT
a.[NAME]
,a.[TYPE]
,a.[CHARSET]
,a.[COLLATION]
,a.[NULLABLE]
,a.[DEFAULT]
,b.[COMMENTS]
FROM
(
SELECT
COLUMN_NAME AS [NAME]
,CASE DATA_TYPE
WHEN ''char'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + '')''
WHEN ''numeric'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(NUMERIC_PRECISION AS VARCHAR) + '', '' + CAST(NUMERIC_SCALE AS VARCHAR) + '')''
WHEN ''nvarchar'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + '')''
WHEN ''varbinary'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + '')''
WHEN ''varchar'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + '')''
ELSE DATA_TYPE
END AS [TYPE]
,CHARACTER_SET_NAME AS [CHARSET]
,COLLATION_NAME AS [COLLATION]
,IS_NULLABLE AS [NULLABLE]
,COLUMN_DEFAULT AS [DEFAULT]
,ORDINAL_POSITION
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE
TABLE_NAME = ''' + @objectName + '''
) a
FULL JOIN
(
SELECT
CAST(value AS NVARCHAR) AS [COMMENTS]
,CAST(objname AS NVARCHAR) AS [NAME]
FROM
::fn_listextendedproperty (''MS_Description'', ''user'', ''' + @schemaName + ''', ''table'', ''' + @objectName + ''', ''column'', default)
) b
ON a.NAME COLLATE Hungarian_CI_AS = b.NAME COLLATE Hungarian_CI_AS
ORDER BY
a.[ORDINAL_POSITION];
SELECT * FROM ' + @tmpTableName + ';'
--PRINT @sqlCmd;
EXEC sp_executesql @sqlCmd;
RETURN;
END;
GO
EXEC sys.sp_MS_marksystemobject sp_desc
GO
Pour exécuter le type de procédure:
EXEC sp_desc 'YourDB.YourSchema.YourTable';
Si vous souhaitez obtenir une description d'un objet du type simple de la base de données (et du schéma) en cours:
EXEC sp_desc 'YourTable';
Sp_desc étant une procédure marquée par le système, vous pouvez même laisser la commande exec également (ce n’est pas recommandé de toute façon):
sp_desc 'YourTable';
C'est le code que j'utilise dans le EntityFramework Reverse POCO Generator (disponible ici )
Table SQL:
SELECT c.TABLE_SCHEMA AS SchemaName,
c.TABLE_NAME AS TableName,
t.TABLE_TYPE AS TableType,
c.ORDINAL_POSITION AS Ordinal,
c.COLUMN_NAME AS ColumnName,
CAST(CASE WHEN IS_NULLABLE = 'YES' THEN 1
ELSE 0
END AS BIT) AS IsNullable,
DATA_TYPE AS TypeName,
ISNULL(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH, 0) AS [MaxLength],
CAST(ISNULL(NUMERIC_PRECISION, 0) AS INT) AS [Precision],
ISNULL(COLUMN_DEFAULT, '') AS [Default],
CAST(ISNULL(DATETIME_PRECISION, 0) AS INT) AS DateTimePrecision,
ISNULL(NUMERIC_SCALE, 0) AS Scale,
CAST(COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_NAME)), c.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity') AS BIT) AS IsIdentity,
CAST(CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_NAME)), c.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN 1
WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_NAME)), c.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsComputed') = 1 THEN 1
WHEN DATA_TYPE = 'TIMESTAMP' THEN 1
ELSE 0
END AS BIT) AS IsStoreGenerated,
CAST(CASE WHEN pk.ORDINAL_POSITION IS NULL THEN 0
ELSE 1
END AS BIT) AS PrimaryKey,
ISNULL(pk.ORDINAL_POSITION, 0) PrimaryKeyOrdinal,
CAST(CASE WHEN fk.COLUMN_NAME IS NULL THEN 0
ELSE 1
END AS BIT) AS IsForeignKey
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT u.TABLE_SCHEMA,
u.TABLE_NAME,
u.COLUMN_NAME,
u.ORDINAL_POSITION
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE u
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc
ON u.TABLE_SCHEMA = tc.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
AND u.TABLE_NAME = tc.TABLE_NAME
AND u.CONSTRAINT_NAME = tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY') pk
ON c.TABLE_SCHEMA = pk.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND c.TABLE_NAME = pk.TABLE_NAME
AND c.COLUMN_NAME = pk.COLUMN_NAME
LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT
u.TABLE_SCHEMA,
u.TABLE_NAME,
u.COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE u
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc
ON u.TABLE_SCHEMA = tc.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
AND u.TABLE_NAME = tc.TABLE_NAME
AND u.CONSTRAINT_NAME = tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY') fk
ON c.TABLE_SCHEMA = fk.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND c.TABLE_NAME = fk.TABLE_NAME
AND c.COLUMN_NAME = fk.COLUMN_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES t
ON c.TABLE_SCHEMA = t.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND c.TABLE_NAME = t.TABLE_NAME
WHERE c.TABLE_NAME NOT IN ('EdmMetadata', '__MigrationHistory')
Clé étrangère SQL:
SELECT FK.name AS FK_Table,
FkCol.name AS FK_Column,
PK.name AS PK_Table,
PkCol.name AS PK_Column,
OBJECT_NAME(f.object_id) AS Constraint_Name,
SCHEMA_NAME(FK.schema_id) AS fkSchema,
SCHEMA_NAME(PK.schema_id) AS pkSchema,
PkCol.name AS primarykey,
k.constraint_column_id AS ORDINAL_POSITION
FROM sys.objects AS PK
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_keys AS f
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS k
ON k.constraint_object_id = f.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i
ON f.referenced_object_id = i.object_id
AND f.key_index_id = i.index_id
ON PK.object_id = f.referenced_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.objects AS FK
ON f.parent_object_id = FK.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS PkCol
ON f.referenced_object_id = PkCol.object_id
AND k.referenced_column_id = PkCol.column_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS FkCol
ON f.parent_object_id = FkCol.object_id
AND k.parent_column_id = FkCol.column_id
ORDER BY FK_Table, FK_Column
Propriétés étendues:
SELECT s.name AS [schema],
t.name AS [table],
c.name AS [column],
value AS [property]
FROM sys.extended_properties AS ep
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS t
ON ep.major_id = t.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS s
ON s.schema_id = t.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS c
ON ep.major_id = c.object_id
AND ep.minor_id = c.column_id
WHERE class = 1
ORDER BY t.name
Vous pouvez utiliser le sp_help 'TableName'
Le problème avec ces réponses est que vous manquez l’information clé . Bien que ce soit un peu compliqué, c’est une version rapide que j’ai imaginée pour vérifier qu’elle contienne les mêmes informations que MySQL Describe.
Select SC.name AS 'Field', ISC.DATA_TYPE AS 'Type', ISC.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS 'Length', SC.IS_NULLABLE AS 'Null', I.is_primary_key AS 'Key', SC.is_identity AS 'Identity'
From sys.columns AS SC
LEFT JOIN sys.index_columns AS IC
ON IC.object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.Expenses') AND
IC.column_id = SC.column_id
LEFT JOIN sys.indexes AS I
ON I.object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.Expenses') AND
IC.index_id = I.index_id
LEFT JOIN information_schema.columns ISC
ON ISC.TABLE_NAME = 'Expenses'
AND ISC.COLUMN_NAME = SC.name
WHERE SC.object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.Expenses')
L'équivalent SQL Server de la commande describe d'Oracle est la proc stockée sp_help
La commande describe vous donne les informations sur les noms de colonne, les types, la longueur, etc.
Dans SQL Server, supposons que vous vouliez décrire une table "mytable" dans le schéma "myschema" de la base de données "mydb". Vous pouvez effectuer les opérations suivantes:
USE mydb;
exec sp_help 'myschema.mytable';
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[describe]
(
@SearchStr nvarchar(max)
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT
CONCAT([COLUMN_NAME],' ',[DATA_TYPE],' ',[CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH],' ',
(SELECT CASE [IS_NULLABLE] WHEN 'NO' THEN 'NOT NULL' ELSE 'NULL' END),
(SELECT CASE WHEN [COLUMN_DEFAULT] IS NULL THEN '' ELSE CONCAT(' DEFAULT ',[COLUMN_DEFAULT]) END)
) AS DESCRIPTION
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE @SearchStr
END
utilisation
SELECT COL_LENGTH('tablename', 'colname')
Aucune autre solution n'a fonctionné pour moi.
J'aime ce format:
name DataType Collation Constraints PK FK Comment
id int NOT NULL IDENTITY PK Order Line Id
pid int NOT NULL tbl_orders Order Id
itemCode varchar(10) Latin1_General_CI_AS NOT NULL Product Code
Donc j'ai utilisé ceci:
DECLARE @tname varchar(100) = 'yourTableName';
SELECT col.name,
CASE typ.name
WHEN 'nvarchar' THEN 'nvarchar('+CAST((col.max_length / 2) as varchar)+')'
WHEN 'varchar' THEN 'varchar('+CAST(col.max_length as varchar)+')'
WHEN 'char' THEN 'char('+CAST(col.max_length as varchar)+')'
WHEN 'nchar' THEN 'nchar('+CAST((col.max_length / 2) as varchar)+')'
WHEN 'binary' THEN 'binary('+CAST(col.max_length as varchar)+')'
WHEN 'varbinary' THEN 'varbinary('+CAST(col.max_length as varchar)+')'
WHEN 'numeric' THEN 'numeric('+CAST(col.precision as varchar)+(CASE WHEN col.scale = 0 THEN '' ELSE ','+CAST(col.scale as varchar) END) +')'
WHEN 'decimal' THEN 'decimal('+CAST(col.precision as varchar)+(CASE WHEN col.scale = 0 THEN '' ELSE ','+CAST(col.scale as varchar) END) +')'
ELSE typ.name
END DataType,
ISNULL(col.collation_name,'') Collation,
CASE WHEN col.is_nullable = 0 THEN 'NOT NULL ' ELSE '' END + CASE WHEN col.is_identity = 1 THEN 'IDENTITY' ELSE '' END Constraints,
ISNULL((SELECT 'PK'
FROM sys.key_constraints kc INNER JOIN
sys.tables tb ON tb.object_id = kc.parent_object_id INNER JOIN
sys.indexes si ON si.name = kc.name INNER JOIN
sys.index_columns sic ON sic.index_id = si.index_id AND sic.object_id = si.object_id
WHERE kc.type = 'PK'
AND tb.name = @tname
AND sic.column_id = col.column_id),'') PK,
ISNULL((SELECT (SELECT name FROM sys.tables st WHERE st.object_id = fkc.referenced_object_id)
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fkc INNER JOIN
sys.columns c ON c.column_id = fkc.parent_column_id AND fkc.parent_object_id = c.object_id INNER JOIN
sys.tables t ON t.object_id = c.object_id
WHERE t.name = tab.name
AND c.name = col.name),'') FK,
ISNULL((SELECT value
FROM sys.extended_properties
WHERE major_id = tab.object_id
AND minor_id = col.column_id),'') Comment
FROM sys.columns col INNER JOIN
sys.tables tab ON tab.object_id = col.object_id INNER JOIN
sys.types typ ON typ.system_type_id = col.system_type_id
WHERE tab.name = @tname
AND typ.name != 'sysname'
ORDER BY col.column_id;