Duplicate possible:
Comment listez-vous la clé primaire d'une table SQL Server?
Je souhaite obtenir la clé primaire d'une table particulière à l'aide d'une requête SQL pour la base de données SQL Server .
Dans MySQL , j'utilise la requête suivante pour obtenir la clé primaire de la table:
SHOW KEYS FROM tablename WHERE Key_name = 'PRIMARY'
Quel est l’équivalent de la requête ci-dessus pour SQL Server ?.
S'il y a une requête qui fonctionnera à la fois MySQL et SQL Server alors ce sera un cas idéal.
Trouvé un autre:
SELECT KU.table_name as TABLENAME,column_name as PRIMARYKEYCOLUMN
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS TC
INNER JOIN
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS KU
ON TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND
TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME = KU.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND
KU.table_name='yourTableName'
ORDER BY KU.TABLE_NAME, KU.ORDINAL_POSITION;
J'ai testé cela sur SQL Server 2003/2005
J'ai aussi trouvé un autre pour SQL Server:
SELECT COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA + '.' + QUOTENAME(CONSTRAINT_NAME)), 'IsPrimaryKey') = 1
AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'Schema'
En utilisant SQL SERVER 2005, vous pouvez essayer
SELECT i.name AS IndexName,
OBJECT_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID) AS TableName,
COL_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID,ic.column_id) AS ColumnName
FROM sys.indexes AS i INNER JOIN
sys.index_columns AS ic ON i.OBJECT_ID = ic.OBJECT_ID
AND i.index_id = ic.index_id
WHERE i.is_primary_key = 1
Trouvé à SQL SERVER - 2005 - Trouver des tables avec une contrainte de clé primaire dans la base de données
De mémoire, c'est soit ça
SELECT * FROM sys.objects
WHERE type = 'PK'
AND object_id = OBJECT_ID ('tableName')
ou ca..
SELECT * FROM sys.objects
WHERE type = 'PK'
AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ('tableName')
Je pense que l'un d'entre eux devrait probablement fonctionner en fonction de la manière dont les données sont stockées, mais j'ai bien peur de ne pas avoir accès à SQL pour vérifier la même chose.
SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM {DATABASENAME}.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE '{TABLENAME}' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME LIKE 'PK%'
OÙ
{DATABASENAME} = votre base de données à partir de votre serveur ET
{TABLENAME} = votre nom de table à partir duquel vous voulez voir la clé primaire.REMARQUE: entrez le nom de votre base de données et celui de la table sans crochets.
select *
from sysobjects
where xtype='pk' and
parent_obj in (select id from sysobjects where name='tablename')
cela fonctionnera en sql 2005
Ceci devrait lister toutes les contraintes et à la fin vous pouvez mettre vos filtres
/* CAST IS DONE , SO THAT OUTPUT INTEXT FILE REMAINS WITH SCREEN LIMIT*/
WITH ALL_KEYS_IN_TABLE (CONSTRAINT_NAME,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,PARENT_TABLE_NAME,PARENT_COL_NAME,PARENT_COL_NAME_DATA_TYPE,REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME,REFERENCE_COL_NAME)
AS
(
SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME= CAST (PKnUKEY.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
CONSTRAINT_TYPE=CAST (PKnUKEY.type_desc AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
PARENT_TABLE_NAME=CAST (PKnUTable.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
PARENT_COL_NAME=CAST ( PKnUKEYCol.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
PARENT_COL_NAME_DATA_TYPE= oParentColDtl.DATA_TYPE,
REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME='' ,
REFERENCE_COL_NAME=''
FROM sys.key_constraints as PKnUKEY
INNER JOIN sys.tables as PKnUTable
ON PKnUTable.object_id = PKnUKEY.parent_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns as PKnUColIdx
ON PKnUColIdx.object_id = PKnUTable.object_id
AND PKnUColIdx.index_id = PKnUKEY.unique_index_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns as PKnUKEYCol
ON PKnUKEYCol.object_id = PKnUTable.object_id
AND PKnUKEYCol.column_id = PKnUColIdx.column_id
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS oParentColDtl
ON oParentColDtl.TABLE_NAME=PKnUTable.name
AND oParentColDtl.COLUMN_NAME=PKnUKEYCol.name
UNION ALL
SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME= CAST (oConstraint.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
CONSTRAINT_TYPE='FK',
PARENT_TABLE_NAME=CAST (oParent.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
PARENT_COL_NAME=CAST ( oParentCol.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
PARENT_COL_NAME_DATA_TYPE= oParentColDtl.DATA_TYPE,
REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME=CAST ( oReference.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
REFERENCE_COL_NAME=CAST (oReferenceCol.name AS VARCHAR(30))
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns FKC
INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects oConstraint
ON FKC.constraint_object_id=oConstraint.id
INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects oParent
ON FKC.parent_object_id=oParent.id
INNER JOIN sys.all_columns oParentCol
ON FKC.parent_object_id=oParentCol.object_id /* ID of the object to which this column belongs.*/
AND FKC.parent_column_id=oParentCol.column_id/* ID of the column. Is unique within the object.Column IDs might not be sequential.*/
INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects oReference
ON FKC.referenced_object_id=oReference.id
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS oParentColDtl
ON oParentColDtl.TABLE_NAME=oParent.name
AND oParentColDtl.COLUMN_NAME=oParentCol.name
INNER JOIN sys.all_columns oReferenceCol
ON FKC.referenced_object_id=oReferenceCol.object_id /* ID of the object to which this column belongs.*/
AND FKC.referenced_column_id=oReferenceCol.column_id/* ID of the column. Is unique within the object.Column IDs might not be sequential.*/
)
select * from ALL_KEYS_IN_TABLE
where
PARENT_TABLE_NAME in ('YOUR_TABLE_NAME')
or REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME in ('YOUR_TABLE_NAME')
ORDER BY PARENT_TABLE_NAME,CONSTRAINT_NAME;
Pour référence, veuillez lire à travers - http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqltips/archive/2005/09/16/469136.aspx
Gardez à l'esprit que si vous voulez obtenir le champ primaire exact, vous devez mettre TABLE_NAME et TABLE_SCHEMA dans la condition.
cette solution devrait fonctionner:
select COLUMN_NAME from information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
where CONSTRAINT_NAME='PRIMARY' AND TABLE_NAME='TABLENAME'
AND TABLE_SCHEMA='DATABASENAME'
Le code que je vais vous donner fonctionne et récupère non seulement des clés, mais beaucoup de données d'une table dans SQL Server. Est testé dans SQL Server 2k5/2k8, ne sait pas environ 2k. Prendre plaisir!
SELECT DISTINCT
sys.tables.object_id AS TableId,
sys.columns.column_id AS ColumnId,
sys.columns.name AS ColumnName,
sys.types.name AS TypeName,
sys.columns.precision AS NumericPrecision,
sys.columns.scale AS NumericScale,
sys.columns.is_nullable AS IsNullable,
( SELECT
COUNT(column_name)
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE
TABLE_NAME = sys.tables.name AND
CONSTRAINT_NAME =
( SELECT
constraint_name
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE
TABLE_NAME = sys.tables.name AND
constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND
COLUMN_NAME = sys.columns.name
)
) AS IsPrimaryKey,
sys.columns.max_length / 2 AS CharMaxLength /*BUG*/
FROM
sys.columns, sys.types, sys.tables
WHERE
sys.tables.object_id = sys.columns.object_id AND
sys.types.system_type_id = sys.columns.system_type_id AND
sys.types.user_type_id = sys.columns.user_type_id AND
sys.tables.name = 'TABLE'
ORDER BY
IsPrimaryKey
Vous pouvez utiliser uniquement la partie clé primaire, mais je pense que le reste pourrait devenir pratique. Cordialement, David
C'est aussi (Transact-SQL) ... selon BOL.
-- exec sp_serveroption 'SERVER NAME', 'data access', 'true' --execute once
EXEC sp_primarykeys @table_server = N'server_name',
@table_name = N'table_name',
@table_catalog = N'db_name',
@table_schema = N'schema_name'; --frequently 'dbo'